A triple‑helix‑based immobilization strategy enhanced protein synthesis from circular DNA, yielding approximately 4.6 times more protein than immobilized linear DNA and enabling reusability for high‑density DNA arrays.

Tamoxifen‑derived ridaifen compounds bearing multiple basic side chains strongly neutralize lysosomes and inhibit autophagic flux; their lysosomotropic behaviour correlates with cytotoxicity, providing a design principle for anticancer analogues.

A fluorescent ridaifen‑B analogue (RID‑B‑BODIPY) was synthesised via MNBA‑mediated condensation and used to visualize intracellular localization in cancer cells, demonstrating its utility as a lysosome‑targeted probe.

Yeast‑expressed lipoxygenase III and a truncated variant were produced to investigate their effects on glutenin; enzyme addition altered glutenin polypeptide distribution and improved dough texture, offering insights for cereal processing.

Fluorescent protein–DNA binding proteins were used to label double‑stranded DNA for single‑molecule imaging; the probes exhibited significantly slower fluorescence decay than intercalating dyes and enabled extended observation of λDNA.

The tyrosine kinase inhibitor masitinib induced reactive oxygen species–mediated apoptosis and cell‑cycle arrest in c‑kit‑negative HepG2 cells; antioxidants and JNK inhibition attenuated these effects, indicating a redox‑dependent mechanism.

Machine‑learning algorithms predicted missing enzymes in plant alkaloid biosynthesis; experimental validation of aromatic acetaldehyde synthases and phenylpyruvate decarboxylases enabled enhanced benzylisoquinoline alkaloid production.

The fungicide azoxystrobin triggered cell‑cycle arrest and apoptosis in human leukemia cells regardless of p53 status; uridine supplementation mitigated cytotoxicity, suggesting metabolic stress underlies the anticancer effect.

Real‑time monitoring with a quartz crystal microbalance demonstrated that low‑frequency AC fields (≈80 Vpp, 20 Hz) greatly accelerate immobilization of His‑tagged fluorescent proteins, achieving full immobilization within a few minutes.

This review summarises methods for manipulating DNA and imaging single molecules, highlighting how controlling DNA physical form (stretching or condensing) enables visualization of dynamic DNA–protein interactions.

Structure‑guided mutations of Bombyx mori enzyme 3,4‑dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde synthase tuned its decarboxylase and aldehyde synthase activities, boosting tetrahydropapaveroline production in engineered bacteria.

A low‑frequency AC electric field combined electrostatic transport and diffusion to enhance immobilization of His‑tagged green fluorescent protein and DsRed by roughly sevenfold compared with static conditions.

Single‑molecule experiments showed that negative supercoiling facilitates SV40 large T‑antigen‑mediated DNA unwinding, increasing both the frequency and extent of unwinding events.

High‑voltage pulse fields were used to extract and immobilize proteins directly on electrode surfaces, enabling rapid on‑site protein capture for biosensing applications.

Electrostatic fabrication techniques created electrodes for glucose fuel cells; improved enzyme immobilization and efficient charge transfer offer promise for biofuel cell development.

Local denaturation events in negatively supercoiled DNA were visualized at the single‑molecule level, revealing that superhelicity lowers the energy barrier for helix melting and promotes transient base‑pair opening.

Real‑time single‑molecule imaging of T7 exonuclease activity in a microflow channel unveiled detailed kinetics of nucleotide excision and demonstrated the power of microfluidic platforms for DNA processing assays.

A direct single‑molecule method using fluorescent replication protein A allowed visualization of DNA synthesis in real time, providing insights into polymerase dynamics and replication processes.

His‑tagged proteins were stably immobilized on gold surfaces via L‑cysteine electrodeposited layers, offering a controlled orientation and improved performance for biosensor applications.

Fluorescently labeled single‑stranded λDNA molecules were directly observed in a microflow channel, enabling analysis of DNA–protein interactions and dynamics at the single‑molecule level.

NTA‑modified chitosan films provided versatile solid supports for immobilizing His‑tagged proteins on various materials, facilitating the development of reusable biocatalysts and biosensors.